The Parasite Chronicles by Boo H. Kwa

Author:Boo H. Kwa
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

The vector for Loa loa is the deerfly belonging to the genus Chrysops which presents another problem that confronts vector control strategies. Chrysops breed in isolated and remote breeding sites in the forests and they are frequently spread thinly over very large areas. The eggs are laid on decaying vegetation on the soil surface and the larvae that emerge will bury themselves into the mud or damp soil making them inaccessible to conventional insecticide spraying. These deerflies are also pool feeders, like the blackflies, but because they are much larger, their bites are very painful. Chrysops are also day biters and therefore the use of insecticide treated bednets to prevent loiasis is also ineffective. Therefore apart from using repellents there is presently no effective control for loiasis.

Other minor related filarial parasites include mansonellosis which is caused by several parasites in the genus Mansonella. Examples are Mansonella streptocerca which is found only in Africa; Mansonella perstans in both Africa and South America; and Mansonella ozzardi only in the Americas, from Mexico south to South America and in the Caribbean.

Mansonella streptocerca does not cause serious disease but symptoms may include skin manifestations such as pruritus, papular eruptions and pigmentation changes. Eosinophilia is commonly associated in all filarial infections and is therefore ubiquitous in mansonellosis. Infections by Mansonella perstans, while often asymptomatic, would present with symptoms such as angioedema, pruritus, fever, headaches, arthralgias, and neurologic manifestations. Mansonella ozzardi will usually be associated with symptoms that include arthralgias, headaches, fever, pulmonary symptoms, adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and pruritus.

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